The CircEUlar project regularly communicates and disseminates its innovative results through continuous publications in scientific journals. This knowledge base serves as a public resource for direct access to these articles.

Articles

Baumgart, A., Ünlü, G., Grammer, B., Javaid, A., Maczek, F., Krausmann, F., Krey, V., & Wiedenhofer, D. (2026). Material and carbon implications of future mobility infrastructure expansion around the world. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 30, 1935–1949. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44498-026-00132-x

Berrill, P., Nachtigall, F., & Creutzig, F. (2026). Quantifying the CO2 mitigation potential from sustainable urban planning in European cities. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 67, 221-236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2026.07.006

Berrill, P., Nachtigall, F., Javaid, A., Milojevic-Dupont, N., Wagner, F., & Creutzig, F. (2024). Comparing urban form influences on travel distance, car ownership, and mode choice. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 128, 104087. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2024.104087

Bonan J., Cattaneo, C., d’Adda, G., & Tavoni, M. (2025). Social norms and tariff salience: An experimental study on household waste management. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 130, 103124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeem.2025.103124

Burgess, M., & Wilson, C. (2023). Bulk material manufacture: The potential impact of digitalisation and provenance systems on materials recirculation. [Working Paper No. 1]. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.8054783

Burgess M., Wilson C., Fan Y. V. (2026). Adoption drivers and barriers of Building Information Modelling (BIM) in Europe. Energy and Buildings, 355, 116953. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2026.116953 

Cardoso, J. P., Silva, M., Creutzig, F., Giorgi, S., Joltreau, E., Krey, V., Mastrucci, A., Passani, A., Rau, H., & Van der Vorst, C. (2026). DELIVERABLE 1.3 CircEUlar policy recommendations to smooth circular economy for climate change mitigation. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22936208

Cimpan, C., Bjelle, E.L., Budzinski, M., Wood, R., & Strømman, A.H. (2023). Effects of Circularity Interventions in the European Plastic Packaging Sector. Environmental Science & Technology, 57(27), 9984-9995. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.2c08202

Creutzig, F., Becker, S., Berrill, P., Bongs, C., Bussler, A., Cave, B., Constantino, S. M., Grant, M., Heeren, N., Heinen, E., Hintz, M. J., Ingen-Housz, T., Johnson, E., Kolleck, N., Liotta, C., Lorek, S., Mattioli, G., Niamir, L., McPhearson, T., Milojevic-Dupont, N., Nachtigall, F., … & Zekar, A. (2025). Towards a public policy of cities and human settlements in the 21st century. npj Urban Sustainability, 4(29). https://doi.org/10.1038/s42949-024-00168-7

Creutzig, F., Javaid, A., Mastrucci, A., Kılkış, Ş., Nachtigall, F., Zhao, B., Martinez, L., & Napiontek, J. (2026). Scenario modelling shows urban planning can reduce city-scale GHG emissions in transport and buildings by 14% in 2050. Environmental Research Letters, 21, 144005. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ae83d1

Creutzig, F., Simoes, S. G., Leipold, S., Berrill, P., Azevedo, I., Edelenbosch, O., Fishman, T., Haberl, H., Hertwich, E., Krey, V., Lima, A. T., Makov, T., Mastrucci, A., Milojevic-Dupont, N., Nachtigall, F., Pauliuk, S., Silva, M., Verdolini, E., van Vuuren, D., Wagner, F., Wiedenhofer, D., & Wilson, C. (2024). Demand-side strategies key for mitigating material impacts of energy transitions. Nature Climate Change, 14, 561-572. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-024-02016-z

Desing, H. (2025). E-retrofitting can accelerate Europe’s bus fleet electrification by 15 years. Environmental Research: Infrastructure and Sustainability, 6, 015006. https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4505/ae464b

Desing, H., Passarella, M., Billy, R. G., Griebler, A., Langhorst, M., Pogatscher, S., Raabe, D., Remmen, K., Samberger, S., Schlesier, H., Müller, D. B., & Tost, M. (2026). Climate stability hinges on energy-material feedback dynamics: Aluminum perspectives. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 231, 108911. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2026.108911

Desing, H., Widmer, R., Bardi, U., Beylot, A., Billy, R. G., Gasser, M., Gauch, M., Monfort, D., Müller, D. B., Raugei, M., Remmen, K., Schenker, V., Schlesier, H., Valdivia, S., & Wäger, P. (2024). Mobilizing materials to enable a fast energy transition: A conceptual framework. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 200, 107314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2023.107314

Ekholm, T., Springare, S., Savolainen, H., Streeck, J., & Wiedenhofer, D. (2026). Exploring global, economy-wide material trajectories and associated environmental pressures under shared socioeconomic pathways. Environmental Research Letters, 21, 064016. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ae51a9

Fan, Y. V., Wilson, C., Andrijevic, M., Carlsen, H., & Joshi, S. (2025). Digital transformation in the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways. npj Climate Action, 4(79). https://doi.org/10.1038/s44168-025-00283-w

Fan, Y.V., Wilson, C., Kamiya, G., & Mastrucci, A. (2026). Data Centre Energy Demand Projections within Shared Socioeconomic Pathways. Energy and Climate Change, 7, 100253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egycc.2026.100253

Fishman, T., Mastrucci, A., Peled, Y., Saxe, S., & van Ruijven, B. (2024). RASMI: Global ranges of building material intensities differentiated by region, structure, and function. Scientific Data, 11(418). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-03190-7

Gingrich, S., Matej, S., Erb, K., Haberl, H., Le Noë, J., Kaufmann, L., Magerl, A., Schaffartzik, A., Wiedenhofer, D., & Pauliuk, S. (2025). An option space approach to wood use: Providing structural timber for buildings while safeguarding forest integrity. iScience, 28(10), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2025.113472

Giorgi, S., & Passani, A. (2026). DELIVERABLE 1.2 Final Report on Community Building and Events. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22115535

Gómez-Sanabria, A., Zhong, X., Mastrucci, A., Giorgi, S., Purohit, P., & Krey, V. (2026). Circular economy and decarbonization reshape appliance material demand and emissions in Europe. Nature Portfolio. [Preprint]. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10480513/v1

Grealis, E., & Rau, H. (2023). Guide for circular consumption biographical interviews (CircEUlar Deliverable 4.2). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17305461

Grealis, E., & Rau, H. (2025). Preliminary results from the Circular Consumption Survey (CircEUlar Deliverable 4.4). Zenodo. https://zenodo.org/records/16636919

Grealis, E., Rau, H., Pacheco, I., van der Werff, E., & Steg, L. (2024). CircEUlar Data Collection Framework (CircEUlar Deliverable 4.3). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17305194

Haas, W., Baumgart, A., Eisenmenger, N., Virág, D., Kalt, G., Sommer, M., Kratena, K., & Meyer, I. (2025). How decarbonization and the circular economy interact: Benefits and trade-offs in the case of the buildings, transport, and electricity sectors in Austria. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 29(2), 531-545. https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.13619

Haas, W., Virág, D., Wiedenhofer, D., & von Blottnitz, H. (2023). How circular is an extractive economy? South Africa’s export orientation results in low circularity and insufficient societal stocks for service-provisioning. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 199, 107290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2023.107290

Haberl, H., Baumgart, A., Zeidler, J., Schug, F., Frantz, D., Palacios-Lopez, D., Fishman, T., Peled, Y., Cai, B., Virág, D., Hostert, P., Wiedenhofer, D., & Esch, T. (2025). Weighing the global built environment: High-resolution mapping and quantification of material stocks in buildings. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 29(1), 159-172. https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.13585

Joltreau, E., & Sarmiento, L. (2026). Recycling in a globalised economy. Journal of Applied Economics, 29(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/15140326.2026.2699509

Joshi, S., Zakeri, B., Mittal, S., Mastrucci, A., Holloway, P., Krey, V., Shukla, P. R., O’Gallachoir, B., & Glynn, J. (2024). Global high-resolution growth projections dataset for rooftop area consistent with the shared socioeconomic pathways, 2020–2050. Scientific Data, 11(563). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-03378-x

Keil, M., Creutzig, F., & Molkenthin, N. (2024). Ride-pooling adoption model for CO2 emission estimation. Journal of Physics: Complexity, 6, 035013. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2632-072X/adffd4

Kopp, M., Baumgart, A., & Della Bella, S. (2025). Report on Material Stock Accounts for Buildings and Mobility. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22710310

Kopp, M., Berrill, P., Desing, H., Javaid, A., Mastrucci, A., Milojevic-Dupont, N., Nachtigall, F., Napiontek, J., Schlesier, H., Silva, M., Wiedenhofer, D., Wilson, C., Zharova, A., & Creutzig, F. (2026). Towards an integrated understanding of circularity, urban design, planetary stability and well-being. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 30, 1609–1628. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44498-026-00108-x

Kopp, M., Mastrucci, A., Zhong, X., Gómez-Sanabria, A., Giorgi, S., Cattaneo, C., Silva, M., Nachtigall, F., Desing, H., & Creutzig, F. (2026). Synthesis report on integrated modelling of circular economy business models, household behaviours, and material management in the buildings and household services sector. In CircEUlar Deliverable 5.3. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22710552

Kopp, M., Montfort, S., Pflieger, G., Wagner, N., Kyrychenko, O., Nogherotto, R., Zharova, A., Baklanov, A., Cheval, S., Nair, A., Ulpiani, G., Aue, T., & Creutzig, F. (2026). Climate mitigation and adaptation strategies tailored for different types of European cities: a typology and associated systematic review. Environmental Research Letters, 21, 143001. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ae7e97

Koslowski, M., Hertwich, E., & Wood, R. (2025). From single to joint-production under rectangular technology choice. Economic Systems Research, 37(2), 276-305. https://doi.org/10.1080/09535314.2024.2445717

Krey, V., Desing, H., Gómez-Sanabria, A., Grealis, E., da Silva, M., Mastrucci, A., Ünlü, G., Verdolini, E., Wiedenhofer, D., & Wilson, C. (2025). DELIVERABLE 6.1 Pathway Narratives and Model Parameterisation. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22707658

Leipold, S., Petit‐Boix, A., Luo, A., Helander, H., Simoens, M., Ashton, W. S., Babbitt, C. W., Bala, A., Bening, C. R., Birkved, M., Blomsma, F., Boks, C., Boldrin, A., Deutz, P., Domenech, T., Ferronato, N., Gallego‐Schmid, A., Giurco, D., Hobson, K., … Xue, B. (2023). Lessons, narratives, and research directions for a sustainable circular economy. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 27(1), 6–18. https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.13346

Liotta, C., Viguié, V., & Creutzig, F. (2023). Environmental and welfare gains via urban transport policy portfolios across 120 cities. Nature Sustainability, 6(9), 1067 – 1076. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-023-01138-0

Magalar, L., Verdolini, E., & Szklo, A. (2026). Unlocking circular economy policies in integrated assessment models. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 225, 108614. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108614

Mastrucci, A., Guo, F., Zhong, X., Maczek, F., & van Ruijven, B. (2024). Circular strategies for building sector decarbonization in China: A scenario analysis. Journal of Industrial Ecology. https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.13523

Mastrucci, A., Maracchini, G., Kikstra, J., Zaini, T., & van Ruijven, B. (2026) Veni, vidi, vixi: Heterogeneities in residential floor space and energy consumption across households in Italy. Energy and Buildings, 367, 117745. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2026.117745

Mastrucci, A., Niamir, L., Boza-Kiss, B., Bento, N., Wiedenhofer, D., Streeck, J., … & van Ruijven, B. (2023). Modeling Low Energy Demand Futures for Buildings: Current State and Research Needs. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 48, 761-792. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-112321-102921

Mastrucci, A., Steinberger-Maierhofer, D., Zhong, X., Alaux, N., Creutzig, F., Maczek, F., Quade, M., Röck, M., Sheng, D., Gidden, M. J., & van Ruijven, B. (2026). Carbon storage and mitigation potential of structural wood and biochar-based concrete in global urban building scenarios. Environmental Research Letters, 21, 184015. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ae9f73

Meng, J., Wang, R., Wood, R., Rasul, K., Zhu, B. & Hertwich, E. (2023). Material and Carbon Footprints of Machinery Capital. Environmental Science and Technology, 57(50), 21124–21135. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c06180

Milojevic-Dupont, N., Wagner, F., Nachtigall, F., Hu, J., Brüser, G. B., Zumwald, M., Biljecki, F., Heeren, N., Kaack, L. H., Pichler, P.-P., & Creutzig, F. (2023). EUBUCCO v0.1: European building stock characteristics in a common and open database for 200+ million individual buildings. Scientific Data, 10(147). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02040-2

Morseletto, P., & Haas, W. (2023). A call for high-quality data to foster a decisive transformation towards a circular economy. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 197, 107092. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2023.107092

Nachtigall, F., Wagner, F., Berrill, P., & Creutzig, F. (2023). The built environment and induced transport CO2 emissions: A double machine learning approach to account for residential self-selection. arXiv. 2312.06616 [cs.lg]. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2312.06616

Nachtigall, F., Wagner, F., Berrill, P., & Creutzig, F. (2025). Built environment and travel: Tackling non-linear residential self-selection with double machine learning. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 140, 104593. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2025.104593

Nachtigall, F., Wagner, F., Milojevic-Dupont, N., & Creutzig, F. (2023). Predicting building age from urban form at large scale. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 105, 102010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102010

Niamir, L., & Creutzig, F. (2025). Closing the gap: Integrating behavioral and social dynamics through a modular modelling framework for low-energy demand pathways. Energy Research & Social Science, 122, 103988. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2025.103988

Pacheco, I., Bootsma, S., Alba, W., Van der Werff, E., & Steg, L. (2025). Consumers’ values, beliefs, and willingness to engage in circular behaviours – Comparing Perceptions of consumers and employees (CircEUlar Deliverable 3.1, C1). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16910218

Pacheco, I. M., van der Werff, E., & Steg, L. (2025). Circular citizenship behaviours: How individuals can promote systemic change towards a circular economy. iScience, 28(7), 112906. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2025.112906

Pacheco, I. M., Van Der Werff, E., & Steg, L. (2026). Circular citizenship behaviours to promote systemic change: Influences of values, beliefs, norms, and personal agency. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 110, 102890. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2025.102890

Pacheco, I. M., Van Der Werff, E., & Steg, L. (2026). What drives citizen action to promote systemic change—Insights into circular citizenship behaviours from five European countries. Environmental Psychology Research, 1(3), e70018. https://doi.org/10.1002/epr2.70018

Pichler, M., Bärnthaler, R., Wiedenhofer, D., Roux, N., & Gingrich, S. (2025). Conceptualizing supply- and demand-side climate change mitigation: A typology and new research directions. Energy Research & Social Science, 127, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2025.104225

Rasul, K., Schmidt, S., Hertwich, E. G., & Wood, R. (2024). EXIOBASE energy accounts: Improving precision in an open-sourced procedure applicable to any MRIO database. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 28(6), 1771-1785. https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.13563

Schlesier, H., Gómez-Camacho, C. E., Hischier, R. & Desing, H. (2026). Fossil-Free Ecoinvent: A Parametric Model for Generating Defossilized Life Cycle Databases. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 226, 108693. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108693

Schlesier, H., Guillén-Gosálbez, G., & Desing, H. (2025). Digesting fossil infrastructure for cleaner energy transitions [Preprint]. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6346491/v1

Schlesier, H., Guillén-Gosálbez, G. & Desing, H. (2026). Recycling fossil infrastructure for cleaner energy transitions. Nature Communications, 17. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-70777-6

Schmaus, A., Creutzig, F., Koch, N., Nachtigall, F., & Molkenthin, N. (2025). An urban shared pooled mobility system cuts distance travelled by over 50%. Transport Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 144, 104726. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2025.104726

Streeck, J., Baumgart, A., Haberl, H., Krausmann, F., Cai, B., Fishman, T., Lanau, M., Berrill, P., Cao, Z., Deetman, S., Frantz, D., Krey, V., Mastrucci, A., Miatto, A., Pauliuk, S., Rousseau, L. S. A., Saxe, S., Tingley, D. D., Ünlü, G., & Wiedenhofer, D. (2025). Quantifying material stocks in long-lived products: Challenges and improvements for informing sustainable resource use strategies. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 221(108324). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108324

Streeck, J., Pauliuk, S., Wieland, H., & Wiedenhofer, D. (2023). A review of methods to trace material flows into final products in dynamic material flow analysis: From industry shipments in physical units to monetary input–output tables, Part 1. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 27(2), 436–456. https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.13380

Streeck, J., Wieland, H., Pauliuk, S., Plank, B., Nakajima, K., & Wiedenhofer, D. (2023). A review of methods to trace material flows into final products in dynamic material flow analysis: Comparative application of six methods to the United States and EXIOBASE3 regions, Part 2. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 27(2), 457–475. https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.13379

Sun, K., Li, Q., Liu, Q., Song, J., Dai, M., Qian, X., Gummidi, S. R. B., Yu, B., Creutzig, F., & Liu, G. (2025). Urban fabric decoded: High-precision building material identification via deep learning and remote sensing. Environmental Science and Ecotechnology, 24, 100538. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ese.2025.100538

Ünlü, G., Maczek, F., Min, J., Frank, S., Glatter, F., Natsuo Kishimoto, P., Streeck, J., Eisenmenger, N., Wiedenhofer, D., Krey, V. (2024). MESSAGEix-Materials v1.1.0: Representation of Material Flows and Stocks in an Integrated Assessment Model. Geoscientific Model Development, 17, 8321–8352. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-8321-2024

Wagner, F., Nachtigall, F., Milojevic-Dupont, N., Franken, L., Koch, N., Runge, J., Pereira, R.H.M., Gonzalez, M.C., & Creutzig, F. (2026). Refining urban typologies: causal insights into urban form, car commuting, and related CO2 emissions. Environmental Research Letters, 21, 104031. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ae6881

Wagner, F., Milojevic-Dupont, N., Franken, L., Zekar, A., Thies, B., Koch, N., & Creutzig, F. (2022). Using explainable machine learning to understand how urban form shapes sustainable mobility. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 111, 103442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2022.103442

Wang, Z., Wiedenhofer, D., Stephan, A., Perrotti, D., Van den bergh, W., & Cao, Z. (2023). High-Resolution Mapping of Material Stocks in Belgian Road Infrastructure: Material Efficiency Patterns, Material Recycling Potentials, and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction Opportunities. Environmental Science & Technology, 57(34), 12674-12688. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c08703

Watari, T., Böcher, C., Baumgart, A., Ljunge, J., & Wiedenhofer, D. (2025). Mapping sand flows and stocks. One Earth, 8(2), 101197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2025.101197

Watari, T., Fishman, T., Wieland, H., & Wiedenhofer, D. (2025). Global stagnation and regional variations in steel recycling. Conservation and Recycling, 22, 108363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108363

Wiedenhofer, D., Streeck, J., Wieland, H., Grammer, B., Baumgart, A., Plank, B., Helbig, C., Pauliuk, S., Haberl, H., & Krausmann, F. (2024). From Extraction to End-uses and Waste Management: Modelling Economy-wide Material Cycles and Stock Dynamics Around the World. Journal of Industrial Ecology. https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.13575 

Wiedenhofer, D., Streeck, J., Wiese, F., Verdolini, E., Mastrucci, A., … & Pauliuk, S. (2024). Industry Transformations for High Service Provisioning with Lower Energy and Material Demand: A Review of Models and Scenarios. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 49, 249-279. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-110822-044428

Wiedenhofer, D., Wieland, H., Leipold, S., Aoki-Suzuki, C., Watari, T., … & Streeck. J. (2025). The Circular Economy and Climate Change: The State of National and Global Evidence on Mitigation Potential. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 50, 563-592. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-111523-102441

Wiedmann, N. (2024). Repurposing Natural Gas Pipelines into 4th Generation District Heating Network Pipes [Master thesis at ETH Zürich]. https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000733816

Wieland, H., Wiedenhofer, D., Eisenmenger, N., Watari, T., & Giljum, S. (2025). Assessing mining-related land footprints of global steel use with a global physical input–output model. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 29(6). https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.70107

Wilson, C., Fan, Y. V., & Amanta F. (2025). AI’s Indirect Impacts On Climate Outweigh Concerns Over Its Direct Energy Footprint. Artificial Intelligence and its Implications for Electricity System. Forum – A Quarterly Journal for Debating Energy Issues and Policies, 145, 10-16. https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/OEF-145.pdf

Xu, W., Lyu, X., Chen, Y., Zhou, J., Sun, S., Fan, Y. V., Dong, H., & Jiang, P. (2025). Investigating preferences and price sensitivity of incentive-based recycling of household waste in emerging megacities. Journal of Environmental Management, 392, 126595. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.126595

Yiwei, Y., Grammer, B., Prieto-Curiel, R., Frantz, D., Haberl, H., & Wiedenhofer, D. (2026). Intra‑settlement scaling across the urban–rural continuum: material stocks, service provisioning, and greenhouse gas emissions in the contiguous United States. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 30, 1835–1849. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44498-026-00125-w

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